Biotechnology

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology
Fundamentals, Advances, and Practices for a Greener Future

Anjali Priyadarshini, PhD
Prerna Pandey, PhD

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology

Published. Available now.
Pub Date: August 2018
Hardback Price: see ordering info
Hard ISBN: 9781771886895
Paperback ISBN: 978-1-77463-168-3
E-Book ISBN: 9781351167444
Pages: 364 pp w/Index
Binding Type: hardbound / ebook / paperback
Notes: 6 color and 45 b/w illustrations

Now Available in Paperback


This new volume, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology: Fundamentals, Advances, and Practices for a Greener Future, looks at the application of a variety of technologies, both fundamental and advanced, that are being used for crop improvement, metabolic engineering, and the development of transgenic plants.

The science of agriculture is among the oldest and most intensely studied by mankind. Human intervention has led to manipulation of plant gene structure for the use of plants for the production of bioenergy, food, textiles, among other industrial uses. A sound knowledge of enzymology as well as the various biosynthetic pathways is required to further utilize microbes as sources to provide the desired products for industrial utility. This volume provides an overview of all these aspects along with an updated review of the major plant biotechnology procedures and techniques, their impact on novel agricultural development, and crop plant improvement. Also discussed are the use of “white biotechnology” and “metabolic engineering” as prerequisites for a sustainable development. The importance of patenting of plant products, world food safety, and the role of several imminent organizations have also been discussed.

The book is divided into two sections. Part 1, on biocatalysis and agriculture biotechnology, covers the fundamentals and the latest advances in the field of biocatalysis, an interdisciplinary subject that includes aspects of both organic and inorganic chemistry. This section covers a range of topics from enzymology to different classes of enzymes and their applications in their native or immobilized state (as whole cells in aqueous as well as nonconventional media) to an in-depth description of catalytic mechanisms. Techniques such as “white biotechnology” and the fact that biocatalysis is one of the main prerequisites for a sustainable development are also discussed.

Part 2 of the book covers agricultural biotechnology and novel agricultural practices. Conventional and advanced practices are discussed in detail, including the scope and history of agricultural biotechnology, crop improvement practices, plant tissue culture, genetic modification for crop improvement, and production of transgenic crops, as well as regulation and patenting of plant products, etc. The authors also discuss the requirements of global food safety and their importance in today’s world.

The volume provides a holistic view that makes it a valuable source of information for researchers of agriculture and biotechnology, along with agricultural engineers and environmental enthusiasts. Short exercises at the end of the chapters help to make the book suitable for course work in agriculture biotechnology, genetics, biology, biotechnology, and plant science.

Key features :
  • Provides insight into several aspects of biocatalysis and agriculture biotechnology
  • Presents an updated review of the major plant biotechnology procedures and techniques
  • Considers the use of “white biotechnology” and “metabolic engineering” as prerequisites for a sustainable development
  • Discusses the requirements of global food safety and their importance in today’s world

CONTENTS:
Preface
PART 1: BIOCATALYSIS and AGRICULTURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

1. ENZYMES
History of Enzymes
Applications of Enzymes
Commercial Production of Enzymes
The Technology of Enzyme Production: General Considerations:
Regulation of Microbial Enzyme Production: General Considerations:
Genetic Engineering for Microbial Enzyme Production
Protein Engineering for Modification of Industrial Enzymes
Enzymes, Classification, and Their Use
Enzyme Kinetics
Nucleic Acid Catalyst

2. IMMOBILIZATION BIOCATALYSIS
Enzyme Immobilization
Methods of Immobilization
New Carriers Used in Immobilization
Nanoparticles as Immobilized Matrix
Applications of Immobilized Molecules
New Technologies for Enzyme Immobilization
Immobilization of Cells

3. ENZYMES IN NON-CONVENTIONAL MEDIA
Potential of Biocatalysis in Organic Solvents
Organic-Solvent Reaction Media
Supercritical Fluids
Applications of supercritical fluids
SFE and Analytical Uses
New Applications in Supercritical Particle Formation
Strategy for Biocatalysis in Non-Conventional Media
Reverse Micelles
Ionic Liquids (ILs)
Structure and Activity of Enzymes in Organic Solvents
Effect of the Functional Groups of Organic Solvent
Effect of Molecular Structure of Organic Solvent
Structure and Activity of Enzymes in Ionic Liquids (ILs)
Effect of Hydrophobicity of Ionic Liquid
Effects of Cation and Anion Types of Ionic Liquids
Biocatalysis in Mixture Solvents of Organic Solvent and Ionic Liquid

4. METABOLIC ENGINEERING
Introduction to Metabolic Engineering
Metabolic Engineering in Plant
Microbial Cell Factories (MCFs)
Regulation of Biosynthetic Pathway
Examples of Metabolic Engineering of Antibiotic Biosynthesis
Scaling Up: An Uphill Task
The Next Generation of Engineering Plant Metabolic Pathways
Phytoremediation
Impact of New Tools
Integration of Metabolic Engineering and Process Engineering

5. USES OF ENZYMES IN INDUSTRY
Preview
Enzymes in Food Industry
Enzymes for Textiles
Enzymes in Detergents
Enzymes Used in Paper Industry
Enzymes Used in Animal husbandry
Enzymes Used in Leather Industry
Biosensors
Clinical Uses of Enzymes
Enzymes in Cosmetics
Enzymes in Recombinant DNA technology
Peptide Antibiotics
Catalytic Antibodies
Nucleic Acids as Catalysts

6. WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biocatalysts
Case Studies
Enzyme Based White Biotechnology
Other Chemicals of Interest
Flavor
Chemical Reactions
Food Industry
Dairy Industry
Brewery Industry
Textile Industry
Enzymes in Leather Industry
Enzymes in Cosmetics Industry
Enzymes and Biosurfactants


PART 2: AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY and NOVEL AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES

1. AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, and HISTORY
A Brief Overview
The Regulatory Agencies
Importance of Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries
Status of Health of Farmers, the Economic Contribution, and Environmental Impact of Agricultural Biotechnology
Case Studies
Future Perspectives: The Road Ahead

2. PLANT BREEDING and SEED TECHNOLOGY
Plant Breeding
Plant Breeding Methodologies
Method
Breeding Methods in Asexually Propagated Crop
Concluding Remarks: The Road Ahead
Seed Technology: Hybrid seeds
Production of Hybrid Seeds
Desirable Features of Parental Lines
Basic Procedures for Hybrid Seed Production
Seed Technology

3. PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
The Basic Steps for In Vitro Culturing of Plants
Cellular Totipotency
De-differentiation
Differentiation
Methods of Culturing Plant Material
Haploid Production
Embryo Culture
Endosperm Culture (Triploid Production)
Subculture/ Secondary Culture
Somaclonal Variation
Micropropagation
Artificial Seed
Cryopreservation
Application of Plant Tissue Culture
Modification in Plant Using Genetic Engineering Tools

4. PLANT NUTRITION and PHYTOHORMONES
Forage Legumes: Nutrient Suppliers
Merits and Demerits of Forage Legumes for Ruminants
Therapeutic Value of Forage Legumes
Alley Cropping: Where It Stands Today
Green Manure: Potentials
Biofertilizers: A Ground Check
Interactions Between Plant and Microorganisms
Nodulation
Oxygen Paradox
Strategies by the Bacteria to Deal with Oxygen Paradox72
Phytohormones: A review
Summary

5. TRANSGENIC PLANTS
Tools for Transgenic Plant
Plant-Cell Suspension Cultures
Methods of Transgenic Plant Production Other Than Nuclear Transformation
Plant Molecular Farming Versus the Conventional Bioproduction Systems
Disadvantages of Plant Molecular Farming
Important Transgenic Plants
Advantages Associated with Transgenic Plants

6. GLOBAL FOOD SAFETY
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
The Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI)
The British Retail Consortium (BRC)
The International Association for Food Protection (IAFP)
The International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST)
The Five Keys to a Safer Food Program
Food Technology and Safety
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
The Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex)
Food Politics
Genetic uniformity
Genetic Resources and Preservation
Cryopreservation
Plant Patenting
Advantages and Disadvantages of Biotechnology
Plant Based Production of Therapeutics

Index


About the Authors / Editors:
Anjali Priyadarshini, PhD
Assistant Professor, SRM University, Haryana, India

Anjali Priyadarshini, PhD, is a Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India awardee and holds a doctorate in biomedical sciences. Her field of research and interest includes biotechnology and nanotechnology. Dr. Priyadarshini has published papers in peer-reviewed journals in the biomedical field. She currently works as assistant professor at SRM University, Haryana, India.

Prerna Pandey, PhD
Biotechnologist and Writer, Maharashtra, India

Prerna Pandey, PhD, a biotechnologist with several years of wet lab research experience, worked at the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. Her field included isolation and molecular characterization of Geminiviruses, genome sequencing, gene annotation, and gene silencing using the RNA interference technology. She has also worked at Transasia Biomedicals and Advance Enzyme Technologies as a scientist. Dr. Pandey has published papers in peer-reviewed journals in the field and has submitted a number of annotated Geminiviral genome sequences in the GenBank, including two novel ones. She has also completed her editing and proofreading courses from Society for Editors and Proofreaders (SfEP) and now works as a freelance scientific writer and editor.




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