Biology

Bacterial Biosurfactants
Isolation, Purification, Characterization, and Industrial Applications

B. K. Konwar, PhD

Bacterial Biosurfactants

Published. Available now.
Pub Date: March 2022
Hardback Price: see ordering info
Hard ISBN: 9781774630563
E-Book ISBN: 9781003188131
Pages: 272pp w/index
Binding Type: Hardback / ebook
Notes: 19 color and 19 b/w illustrations

This new volume offers comprehensive coverage of bacterial biosurfactants, the competitive new area of research that has exciting potential application in agriculture and petroleum exploration. The book helps readers to understand the synthesis of biosurfactants by some specific bacteria, their culture, and extraction toward the use in bioremediation and enhanced crude oil recovery.

The volume covers to the gamut of topics in bacterial biosurfactants in nanostructure, including their comparison to synthetic surfactants, their interaction with microorganisms, their biochemistry, characterization, genetics of production, bioremedial effects, and more. The volume also explores the myriad uses of bacterial biosurfactants in many sectors, including laundry detergents, cosmetics, food, petroleum, agriculture, medical and therapeutics, environment, metallurgy, etc.

Attention to biosurfactants has been gradually increasing in recent years due to the possibility of their production through fermentation technology and their potential applications in environmental protection. In spite of the numerous advantages over the synthetic chemical surfactants, biosurfactants have been unable to compete with chemically synthesized surfactants due to their high production costs in relation to the inefficient bioprocessing techniques, poor strain productivity, and use of costly substrates. The success of biosurfactant production depends on the development of cheaper processes and the use of low-cost raw materials. This volume helps to identify the factors that need to be addressed to reduce the cost of production of biosurfactants, such as microorganisms, processes, growth substrate for process feed stocks, and the process byproducts.

With this volume, Bacterial Biosurfactants: Isolation, Purification, Characterization, and Industrial Applications, scholars will be encouraged to take up meaningful research in the area; teachers will find the book to be helpful in elucidating the intricacies of bacterial biosurfactant production and use; and researchers will find the procedures described in the book helpful in deriving potential results.

CONTENTS:
Preface

1. Introduction
Surfactants’ Market
Chemical Nature of Surfactants
Actions of Surfactants
Disadvantages of Synthetic Surfactants
Green Surfactants or Bio-Surfactants
Biosurfactants vs Synthetic Surfactants
Problems of Commercialization of Biosurfactants

2. Biosurfactants
Glycolipids
Phospholipids and Fatty Acids
Particulate Biosurfactants
Polymeric Surfactants
Emulsan
Biodispersan
Liposan
Lipopeptides and Lipoproteins
Surfactin
Iturin
Fengycin
Lichenysin
Fatty Acids, Phospholipids, and Neutral Lipids
Polysaccharide-Protein Complexes
Natural Roles of Biosurfactant
Mode of Action of Surfactants
Biosurfactants and Their Role in the Producing Microbe

3. Microorganisms and Their Interaction with Biosurfactants
Metal Chelation by Biosurfactants
Antimicrobial Activity of Biosurfactants

4. Biosurfactants and Their Biochemistry
Biosurfactants vs Synthetic Surfactants
Biosynthetic Pathways of Biosurfactant
Production and Efficacy of Biosurfactant
Alternative Carbon Source for Biosurfactant Production
Interaction of Biosurfactant with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Role of Ph on Biosurfactants
Thermostability of Biosurfactants

5. Genetics of Biosurfactant Production
Genetic Engineering
Plasmid Curing and Antibiotic Sensitivity
Increase in Surface Area of Hydrophobic Water-Insoluble Substrates
Increase of Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Water-Insoluble Substrates
Binding of the Heavy Metals
Pathogenesis
Antimicrobial Activity
Biosurfactant in Attachment of Microorganism to Surfaces
Biosurfactant Production and Quorum Sensing
Role of Biosurfactants in Biofilms
Genetic Regulation of Biosurfactant Synthesis
Biosynthetic Pathways of Biosurfactant Synthesis
Regulation of Biosurfactant Synthesis
Genetic Regulation of Biosurfactant Synthesis
Biosynthetic Pathways of Biosurfactant Synthesis
Regulation of Biosurfactant Synthesis

6. Biosurfactant-Producing Microorganisms
Production of Biosurfactant from Alternative Carbon Sources

7. Applications of Biosurfactants
In Production of Specific Compounds
In Laundry and Other Sectors
In the Cosmetic Industry
In the Food Industry
In Metallurgy Processes
In the Petroleum Industry
In Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)
In Environmental Applications
In Agriculture
In Medicine and Therapeutics
Prospect of Biosurfactant in Nanotechnology

8. Role of Biosurfactants in Producing Bacteria
Biosurfactants with Special Reference to Rhamnolipids
Petroleum Contaminations as a Source for Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria
Isolation of Microorganisms by Enrichment Culture
Isolation of Microorganisms by Direct Culture Technique
Maintenance and Preservation of Isolated Microorganisms

9. Use of Hydrocarbons from the Environment by Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria
Morphophysiological Characterization of Potential Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria
Carbon Source in Optimization of Culture Conditions for Biosurfactant Production
Detection and Quantification of Biosurfactants
Bacterial Growth Characteristics and Biosurfactant Production
Concentration Effect of N-Hexadecane on Biosurfactant Production
Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Biosurfactant Production
Effect of Combined Nitrogen Sources on Biosurfactant Production
Bacterial Biosurfactant in Nitrogen Sources
Effect of Macro- and Micro-Nutrients on Biosurfactant Production
Effect of Temperature on Biosurfactant Production
Effect of Ph on Biosurfactant Production
Effect of Shaking on Biosurfactant Production
Effect of Low-Cost Renewable Carbon Substrates in Biosurfactant Production

10. Physical Characteristics of Biosurfactants
Reduction in Surface, Interfacial Tension (IFT), and Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC)
Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) and Critical Micelle Dilution (CMD)
Effect of Temperature, Ph, Salinity, and Metal Ion on CMC and CMD of Biosurfactant
Emulsification Activity (E24)
Influence of Temperature, Ph, and Salinity on the Emulsification Activity (E24)
Foaming Index (F24%) and Its Stability
Biosurfactant Stability
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity

11. Characterization of Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria
Growth Characters
Biomass Determination
Biochemical Tests of Biosurfactants
Morphological Tests of Biosurfactants
Estimation of Carbohydrate Content
Estimation of Lipid Content
Detection of Biosurfactants
Quantification of Biosurfactants
Biochemical Characterization of Biosurfactants
TLC, FTIR, LC-MS, TGA and DSC-Based Biochemistry of Bacterial Biosurfactants

12. Bacterial Strains and Biosurfactants in Bioremediation
Soil Washing Experiment
Reduction of Viscosity by the Biosurfactant
Degradation of Petroleum Products and Residual Petroleum
GC Analysis of Degraded Petroleum Products
Solubilization of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) by Biosurfactant
Biodegradation of Crude Oil by the Bacterial Strains

13. Separation of Crude Oil by Biosurfactant from Contaminated Soil and Petroleum Sludge
Release of Crude Oil from the Sand Pack Column by Biosurfactants
Separation of Residual Crude Oil from the Petroleum Sludge by Biosurfactants
Biosurfactant and Their Biodegradation

14. Bioremediation with Bacterial Biosurfactants and Their Biological Activity
Biosurfactant and Producing Bacteria in Field Bioremediation
Biological Activity of Isolated Biosurfactant

15. Biosurfactants in Nanostructures
Iron Oxide Nanocrystals (IONRLs)
Characterization of IONRLs
With Silver Nanoparticles
Characterization of SNP/SNP-RL
Protection of Silver Nanoparticles by Biosurfactants against Salt Treatment
Antimicrobial Activity of Rhamnolipid Nanocomposites of IONRL and SNPRL
Degradation of Hyperbranched Epoxy Clay Nanocomposites by Biosurfactant + Bacteria
Industrial Applications of Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria
Synthesis of Bis-Uracil Derivatives
Bacterial Biosurfactants and Their Various Activities
Degradation of Complex Nano-Biocomposite Polymers by Biopolymers
Use of Biosurfactants in Industrial Processes

16. Conclusions

17. Bibliography

Index


About the Authors / Editors:
B. K. Konwar, PhD
Dean, School of Science and Technology and Professor, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (Central), and former Vice Chancellor, Nagaland University (Central), India

Bolin Kumar Konwar, PhD, was Dean, School of Science and Technology and Professor in the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (Central) India. He also headed the ONGC-sponsored Centre for Petroleum Biotechnology, DBT (Govt. of India), sponsored an MSc biotechnology program, and the Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility (BIF). He was formerly the Vice Chancellor at Nagaland University (Central), Nagaland, India, and also served at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam from 1984–1995 as Lecturer, Assistant Professor, and Associate in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics. He was Senior Scientist and Head of Botany and Biotechnology at the Tocklai Experimental Station, Tea Res Association, Jorhat, Assam, India, from 1995-2002. He carried out research projects of national importance as the Principal Investigator and supervised many students on research projects, with 15 students earning PhDs to date. He and his research group so far deposited 11 gene (DNA) sequences in gene banks, and his research group has published over 214 research papers in international journals, seminars, and conference proceedings, and have presented 80 research papers at seminars and conferences in India and abroad. Dr. Konwar has published more than 200 articles on popular science, environment, biotechnology, history, national integration, higher education, research needs, etc., in various Assamese magazines and newspapers, as well as more than 40 scientific articles in national English magazines in addition to five books, three booklets, and 21 book chapters. O Other books by Dr. Konwar are




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